"Think of it this way, telling your child that she owes someone a hug either just because she hasn't seen this person in a while or because they gave her a gift can set the stage for her questioning whether she 'owes' another person any type of physical affection when they've bought her dinner or done something else seemingly nice for her later in life."

Public institutions, including educational buildings, workplaces and recreational spaces, were designed around the needs of men. Women tried to cope with the lack of toilets in a variety of ways, including drinking less water, holding in urine for hours, and spending less time in public spaces, says Meghan R Dufresne, architectural designer at the Institute for Human Centred Design in Boston in the US. It wasn't until the rise of the suffragette movement in the late 1800s - and the popularity of department stores and cafes, which encouraged women to stay and browse - that public toilet use for women became more acceptable, says Dr Greed.

Teaching girls to speak up when they are violated is a cornerstone of the third wave of feminism. Parenting expert Robyn Silverman, host of the podcast How to Talk to Kids About Anything, explains that parents who tell girls that boys are being mean to them because they like them actually disempower their daughters from speaking out when they are put in painful situations. “It tells them that they shouldn't complain about the conduct because, even though the delivery is hurtful or uncomfortable, it's 'nice' to be liked—and isn't that what all girls are supposed to want? It all at once excuses the ugly behavior, gives it a favorable label and silences the girl.”

The tragic reality of gender and climate is that women, especially women of colour, are disproportionately affected by the impacts of climate change, but are far less likely to be empowered to cope because they have fewer resources such as power and access to finance and technology. A multitude of structural barriers means they are far less likely to take up position of political power and decision-making.

"I feel empowered now to influence other girls who were like me by showing them that there is no limit to what you can do. It doesn't matter on your size, age or ability level, start with what you are comfortable with and push those boundaries. Don't let anyone hold you back."

Women in all walks of life choose to wear trousers. Any rule preventing women wearing trousers would be recognised as unacceptable, and most importantly as unlawful, direct sex discrimination.

UNESCO recommends that developing country governments spend 20% of their annual budget on education—but most fall well short of this target. None of the nine most populated countries in the global South increased their education budgets in the last two years, despite repeated commitments to get all girls in school by 2030.

Although on average the countries tracked have closed 96% of the gap in health outcomes between men and women, gaps on economic participation and political empowerment "remain wide," says the report.

While some critics argue that gender-segregated math contests send a message that women aren’t capable of competing with men, others say such competitions can be a crucial pipeline for young girls hoping to pursue STEM careers. They offer an opportunity to gain recognition in the field while forming a network of female friends and mentors with similar interests.