The results suggest that discrimination stems from employers using gender to form inferences about ability. Even if a woman scores well on a math or sports test, being associated with a weaker-scoring group lowers the odds she’ll be hired. Projecting negative characteristics on any individual, of course, is just another form of discrimination.

Even for professions that require serious smarts, "explicitly linking success to raw intellectual aptitude is likely to discourage participation by women because—despite being as intellectually capable as men—women will nevertheless interpret such messages through the lens of the current stereotypes."

Between October 2016 and October 2017, women who worked in the country’s stores lost 160,300 jobs, while 106,000 men found new work in the field, the analysis from the Institute for Women’s Policy Research found. Economy & Business Alerts Breaking news about economic and business issues. Sign up “We’ve seen many news reports of the decline in retail jobs, but few have noted that the picture in retail is much different for women and men,” researchers at the Washington think tank wrote. Over the past year, they added, “women’s share of all retail trade jobs fell from 50.4 to 49.6 percent.”

“I am so proud of what it’s become. I feel like Project Include should not just be applauded from what we’re doing in our advocacy, and the strong, beautiful, intelligent, and brilliant women in there, but also what we built as far as a team. Project Include not only preaches, but we actually implement our own ideas; I think that allows us to really push forward.”

"Women on high incomes, for example, see a larger benefit for their word-reading ability skills than men. But all women are penalised for being “agreeable” when men aren’t. "